πάθος

πάθος [ᾰ], εος, τό, ([etym.] πάσχω)

A that which happens to a person or thing, τὰ ἐν τοῖς κατόπτροις τῆς ὄψεως π. Pl.Tht.193c; τὰ ἐν τῷ ἀνθρωπίνῳ βίῳ [τῆς ψυχῆς] π. Id.R.612a; incident, accident, τὰ ἀνθρωπήϊα π. Hdt.5.4; τὸ συντυχὸν π. S.Aj.313; οὗ τόδ' ἦν π. where this incident took place, Id.OT732; ἔξωθεν π. Pl.R.381a; unfortunate accident, Antipho 3.4.10.

2 what one has experienced, good or bad, experience,

τὸν πάθει μάθος θέντα κυρίως ἔχειν A.Ag.177

(lyr.); τά γ' ἐμὰ π. my experiences, Pl.Phd.96a;

τὸ δρᾶμα τοῦ πάθους πλέον A.Ag.533

; opp. ἔργα, Pl. Phdr.245c, Arist.Cael.298a28; opp. πρᾶξις, Pl.Lg.876d;

ἤθη καὶ π. καὶ πράξεις Arist.Po.1447a28

.

b in bad sense, misfortune, calamity, A.Pr.703, Hdt.1.91, Lys.32.10, etc.;

οὐλίῳ σὺν πάθει S.Aj.932

(lyr.); τὰ τῆς Νιόβης π. Pl.R.380a, etc.; ἀνήκεστον π. ἔρδειν to do an act which is an irreparable mischief to one, Hdt.1.137; μετὰ τῆς θυγατρὸς τὸ π., i.e. her death, Id.2.133; π. μέγα πεπονθέναι, of a great defeat, Id.3.147, cf. 5.87, al.

c = πάθημα 11.2, Arist. GA738a16, 750a30, Gal.10.91.

II of the soul, emotion, passion (

λέγω δὲ πάθη . . ὅλως οἷς ἕπεται ἡδονὴ ἢ λύπη Arist.EN1105b21

),

σοφίη ψυχὴν παθῶν ἀφαιρεῖται Democr.31

;

διὰ πάθους Th.3.84

; ἐρωτικὸν π. Pl.Phdr.265b; π. ποιεῖν to excite passion, Arist.Rh.1418a12;

ἐν π. εἶναι Id.Pol.1287b3

; ἐκτὸς τοῦ π. εἶναι to be exempt from passion, Teles p.56 H.;

ἔξω τῶν π. γίγνεσθαι D.C.60.3

; περὶ παθῶν, title of work by Zeno the Stoic, D.L.7.4; in Epicur., sensation (including pleasure and pain), ἀκουστικὸν π. Ep.1p.13U., cf. p.19 U. (pl.); ὡς κανόνι τῷ π. πᾶν ἀγαθὸν κρίνοντες ib.3p.63U.

III state, condition, τὸ τῆς παντοδαπῆς ἀγνοίας π. Pl.Sph.228e, cf. 243c, Plt.277d, Ap.22c; opp. ἐνέργεια, A.D.Synt.12.17; opp. ποίημα, Pl.Sph.248d.

2 incidents of things, changes or happenings occurring in them, τὰ οὐράνια π. Pl.Hp.Ma. 285c; τὰ περὶ τὸν οὐρανὸν π. Id.Phd.96c;

τὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ π. καὶ μέρη Arist.Metaph.986a5

;

π. τοῦτο, ὃ καλεῖν εἰώθαμεν σεισμόν Id.Mu.395b36

.

3 properties, qualities of things, opp. οὐσία, Pl.Euthphr.11a; π. λέγεται . . ποιότης καθ' ἣν ἀλλοιοῦσθαι ἐνδέχεται, οἷον τὸ λευκὸν καὶ τὸ μέλαν, καὶ γλυκὺ καὶ πικρόν, καὶ βαρύτης καὶ κουφότης, κτλ. Arist. Metaph.1022b15; τῶν ἀριθμῶν π. ib.985b29; ἀριθμοῖς καὶ γραμμαῖς καὶ τοῖς τούτων π. Iamb.Comm.Math.23;

γεωμετρία περὶ τὰ συμβεβηκότα πάθη τοῖς μεγέθεσι Arist.Rh.1355b31

, cf. APo.75b1; τῶν φυτῶν τὰ μέρη καὶ τὰ π. Thphr.HP1.1.1; αἱ δυνάμεις καὶ τὰ π. ib.8.4.2.

IV Gramm., modification in form of words (esp. dialectal),

πάθη τῆς λέξεως Arist.Rh.1460b12

, cf. A.D.Pron.38.24, al.

2 in Syntax, modified construction, of omission or redundancy, Id.Synt.6.15, 267.8.

b passivity, D.T.637.30, A.D.Synt.12.17, al.

c in writing, signs other than accents and breathings ([etym.] ἀπόστροφος, ὑφέν, ὑποδιαστολή), D.T.Supp.1p.107U.

V Rhet., emotional style or treatment, τὸ σφοδρὸν καὶ ἐνθουσιαστικὸν π. Longin.8.1;

πάθος ποιεῖν Arist.

Rh.1418a12;

πράγματα π. ἔχοντα Plu.2.711e

, etc.: pl.,

πάθη διεστῶτα ὕψους Longin.8.2

.